v, vo + loc
in — position inside a boundary.
Ja jesm v domu.
Medžuslovjansky
v, vo + loc
in — position inside a boundary.
Ja jesm v domu.
vnutri + gen
inside, within — emphasizes being on the inside of the boundary.
Vnutri doma jest teplěje.
vně + gen
outside, beyond — opposite to vnutri, not in the boundary.
Ne izhodi vně doma. Tam doždi.
k, ko + dat
to, towards — motion still heading for the target, arrival not implied; or a general direction of an action.
Ja idem k domu. On kriči ko kolegam.
od + gen
from (away from) — motion starting at a boundary and leaving it behind; or motion away from a person.
Ja izběgam od ognja.Ja vračam se od prijateljky.
do + gen
to, till — motion reaching a point or a boundary (without crossing it), or motion to meet a person.
Ja podšel jesm do plota.Ja pošel jesm do lěkara.
v, vo + acc
into — motion crossing the boundary inwards, ending up inside.
Ja vježdžam v garaž.
iz + gen
from (out of) — motion crossing the boundary outwards.
Ja izježdžam iz grada.
črěz + acc
through, across, via — motion crossing the entire area, or passing through a point.
My idemo črěz lěs.Jedemo v Pragu črěz Brno.
poprěk + gen
across — motion cutting the boundary crosswise or perpendicularly.
Oni plyvut poprěk rěky.
mimo + gen
past, by — motion passing by a place without stopping at it.
Ja proježdžam mimo crkvy.
vozdolž + gen
along — motion following the long side of a place or landmark.
Ona ide vozdolž rěky.
vokrug*+ gen
around — motion encircling a place.
My idemo vokrug jezera. Policijniki stojali vsekde vokrug.
po + loc
on, all over — motion on top of a surface, a road or a track.
Kot hodi po pokryvu.
po + acc
for (in pursuit of) — motion aimed at fetching something.
Ja idem po hlěb.
*) Does not exist in the official Prepositions guide, but does exist in the dictionary.
Compound forms with iz- also exist: iz-medžu (from between), iz-nad (from above), iz-pod (from under), iz-prěd (from before), iz-srěd (from among), iz-za (from behind). Like iz, they take the genitive and express movement away from a place.
na + loc
on, at — position on a surface, in an area or at an event.
Kot leži na stolu.Ja jesm na koncertu.
na + acc
onto, to — motion landing on a surface, within an area, or going to an event.
Kot vskočil na stol.My jedemo na odpusk.
s, so* + gen
off, from — motion leaving a surface, an area or an event.
Kot soskočil so stola. Ja vračam se s koncerta.
Beyond physical surfaces, "na" marks several abstract senses: duration (prijehati na tri dni), distribution (dva razy na denj), result of division (razděliti na kusy), transformation (prěvesti na polsky), units of rate (kilometrov na časinu), and playing an instrument (igrati na gitarě). It also marks the resource a thing runs on or is destined for, such as money or fuel: sbirati groše na novo avto (to save up money for a new car), avto jede na benzin (the car runs on petrol), automat na monety (a coin-operated machine). For things and tools, "na" cannot express purpose; use "za" with the accusative (mašina za pisanje, a typewriter) or the inflection of the noun.
u + gen
at, at the place of — position inside a landmark without belonging to it.
Ja jesm u brata.
pri + loc
by, near — position in contact with a landmark.
Ja sědim pri oknu.
podle + gen
beside, near — position close to a landmark with no side implied.
Dom jest podle lěsa.
pored + gen
next to — position at a landmark's side, in a row with it.
V kinu sědel jesm pored kolegy.
kolo + gen
next to, by, around — position anywhere around a place.
Čekam na tebe kolo školy.
naprotiv + gen
opposite — position facing a landmark across a gap.
Škola jest naprotiv cerkve.
nad + ins
above, (just) over — position just clear of a landmark's top.
Lampa visi nad stolom.
ponad + ins
above (well over) — position far higher than a landmark, with air between.
Oblaky sut ponad gorami.
pod + ins
under — position lower than a landmark.
Kot spi pod stolom.
prěd + ins
in front of — position on the near side of a landmark.
Ja čekam prěd domom.
za + ins
behind — position on the far side of a landmark.
Sad jest za domom.
medžu + ins
between — position with a landmark on either side.
Rěka teče medžu gorami.
posrěd + gen
among, in the middle of — position in the middle of a group, surrounded on all sides.
On dobro čuje se posrěd ljudij.
susedno do + gen
neighbouring to, next to — position sharing a boundary with a landmark.
Naš dom jest susedno do školy.
povrh + gen
atop, to the upper side of — position resting on a landmark's upper face; also on top of (in addition to).
Povrh zaplaty, dostal jesm bonus.
s, so + ins
with — accompanied by someone or something.
Ja idem s prijateljem.On privital se s polpoklonom.
bez + gen
without — lacking someone or something.
To jest bez smysla.Nema rozy bez trnov.
kromě + gen
except — being the one left out of a larger group.
Vsi sut prišli kromě tebe.
o, ob + loc
about — the matter something is said or thought of.
My govorimo o rabotě.
odnosno + gen
concerning — the matter something refers to.
On pisal odnosno dogovora.
dlja + gen
for (for the sake of) — describes the one who receives sth, or benefits.
To jest dar dlja brata.
za + acc
for (on behalf of), instead of — substituting someone or something.
Ja dělam to za brata.
za + acc
in exchange for — trading or replacing something.
Ja platim za knigu.
za + acc
in favour of — the side something backs or supports.
My glasujemo za kandidata.
za + acc
for (intended for) — the purpose a thing or tool is made for.
Mašina za pisanje.Polica za knigy.
vslěd + gen
as a result of, following, because of — the cause something follows from.
Zabava je odrěčena vslěd dožda.
po + dat
according to, by, in the manner of — in accordance with someone, something or with a recipe.
Budemo dělati po mojemu.Recept za kuru po kitajsku.
posrědstvom + gen
by means of — the thing something is done through.
S Kitajcami razgovarjali jesmo posrědstvom prěkladača.
hvala + dat
thanks to — the cause something good follows from.
My jesmo uspěli hvala tobě.
okolo + gen
approximately, around — a quantity given roughly, without precision.
Ja jesm čekal okolo minuty.
soglasno + dat
according to — the rule something conforms to.
My dělamo soglasno planu.
protiv + dat+ gen
against — what something opposes or works to stop.
Oni glasovali protiv vladě.
suprotiv + gen
contrary to — the rule something goes against.
On prostupal suprotiv plana.
pomimo + gen
in spite of — the obstacle something happens regardless of.
On prišel pomimo dožda.
vměsto + gen
instead of — the one whose place is taken.
Polučil pohvalu vměsto zaplaty.
po + dat
per person, per piece — dividing into portions, or in a transaction.
Dali jesmo dětam po jabloku.Po šest rublje na měsec.
po + acc
for (the Xth time) — repetition, enumerated.
Ja jesm tut po raz tretji.Po sedmo, ne kradi.
po + acc
up to — extent reaching as far as a point or level.
Voda byla po kolěna.Oni živut tam po dnešnji denj.
prěd + ins
before, ahead of, prior to — any moment earlier than the one named.
Umyj ruky prěd obědom.
po + loc
after (right after) — the moment directly following the one named.
Po obědu bude desert.
poslě + gen
after (some time later) — any moment later than the one named.
Poslě deserta budemo idti von.
nyně adverb
nowadays — the stretch of time around the present, not one moment in it.
Nyně vsi imajut telefon.
podčas + gen
during — the stretch of a named period, taken as a whole.
Ne govori podčas jedanja.
tutčas adverb
now — the present moment itself.
Ja jesm tutčas doma.
raněje adverb
earlier — one definite moment in the past.
Trěba bylo mysliti raněje.
pozdněje adverb
later — one definite moment in the future.
...da by pozdněje ne stradati.
někogda adverb
at one time, some day, once — an unspecified moment, past or future.
Někogda byl u nas prezident.
The following combinations are not real prepositions, but are used as such and are often translated as prepositions. The list is of course far from being exhaustive.
Most of the example sentences in this section are adapted from Interslavic Wikipedia.
bez obzira na + acc
regardless of
Atinjani pobědili bez obzira na čislnu prěvagu Spartancev.
čto se tyče + gen
regarding, with regard to
Čto se tyče form, tutoj alfabet odličaje se.
na prěkor + gen
in defiance of
Na prěkor tyh trudnostij udalo se obrazovati novo pokoljenje.
ne gledajuči na + acc
disregarding, despite, in spite of, notwithstanding
Ne gledajuči na naprědne tehnologije, žitelje iztvarjajut orudja tradicijnymi metodami.
od strany + gen
by, on the part of
Kompozitor Ljatošynsky dostal kritiku od strany sovětskyh avtoritetov.
po odnošenju k + dat
regarding, with regard to
Termin "centralny procesor" byl priměnjeny po odnošenju k kompjuternym sistemam.
pod vodstvom + gen
under the leadership of
Nova vlada byla inavgurovana pod vodstvom Roba Jettena.
s izključenjem + gen
except, with the exception of
Pavuki živut po cělom světu s izključenjem Antarktidy.
s obzirom na + acc
with regard to
Ten jezyk jest poznany s obzirom na jegu nezavisnu literaturnu tradiciju.
s pomočju + gen
with the help of
Viki tekst piše se s pomočju jezyka koda.
sgodno s + ins
in accordance with, in conformity with
Tute končiny mogut služiti za označenje prirodnogo pola sgodno s praktikoju v romanskyh jezykah.
susedno do + gen
next to, neighbouring to
Banka jest susedno do kina.
v času + gen
during
V času vojny mnogo ljudi bylo bez doma.
v imenu + gen
in the name of
On prěimenoval v imenu Alkibiada lěpši iz svojih sadov.
v obličju + gen
in the face of
Svět stoji v obličju razvoja Umětnogo Intelekta.
v odrazlikě od + gen
unlike, in contrast to
V odrazlikě od brata, ja ljubju sport.
v odnošenju k + dat
regarding, with regard to
Prokuratura počela razslědovanje v odnošenju k Anatoliju Šariju.
v ramah, v ramkah + gen
within the framework of, as a part of
Srbi prěšli na Balkany v ramah velikogo slovjanskogo preselenja.
v protivnosti k + dat
unlike, in opposition to
Termin „poezija”, v protivnosti k prozě, odnosi se k dělam v stihah.
v smyslu + gen
in the sense of
Ja jesm ničto v smyslu pustoty, ale ja jesm tvorčje ničto, ničto, iz ktorogo ja sam tvorju vse kak tvorec.
v različju od + gen
unlike
Neolatinsky jest na romanskoj osnově, v različju od Interlingua.
v svezi s + ins
in connection with
V svezi s tym nijedin iz povyših alfabetov ne našel široko priměnjenje.
v těčenju + gen
during
Ta kniga byla napisana raznymi avtorami v těčenju věkov.
v vrěmenu + gen
during
V vrěmenu vojny ljudi bojali se o svoje žitje.
v zaměn za + acc
instead of, in exchange for
Hermes htěl stado volov v zaměn za liru.